checkout/adrs/0153-checkout-v2.md

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# ADR 0153: Checkout v2
**Date**: 2019-10-21
**Status**: Accepted
## Context
This ADR details the behavior for `actions/checkout@v2`.
The new action will be written in typescript. We are moving away from runner-plugin actions.
We want to take this opportunity to make behavioral changes, from v1. This document is scoped to those differences.
## Decision
### Inputs
```yaml
repository:
description: 'Repository name with owner. For example, actions/checkout'
default: ${{ github.repository }}
ref:
description: >
The branch, tag or SHA to checkout. When checking out the repository that
triggered a workflow, this defaults to the reference or SHA for that
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event. Otherwise, uses the default branch.
token:
description: >
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Personal access token (PAT) used to fetch the repository. The PAT is configured
with the local git config, which enables your scripts to run authenticated git
commands. The post-job step removes the PAT.
We recommend using a service account with the least permissions necessary.
Also when generating a new PAT, select the least scopes necessary.
[Learn more about creating and using encrypted secrets](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/creating-and-using-encrypted-secrets)
default: ${{ github.token }}
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ssh-key:
description: >
SSH key used to fetch the repository. The SSH key is configured with the local
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git config, which enables your scripts to run authenticated git commands.
The post-job step removes the SSH key.
We recommend using a service account with the least permissions necessary.
[Learn more about creating and using
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encrypted secrets](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/creating-and-using-encrypted-secrets)
ssh-known-hosts:
description: >
Known hosts in addition to the user and global host key database. The public
SSH keys for a host may be obtained using the utility `ssh-keyscan`. For example,
`ssh-keyscan github.com`. The public key for github.com is always implicitly added.
ssh-strict:
description: >
Whether to perform strict host key checking. When true, adds the options `StrictHostKeyChecking=yes`
and `CheckHostIP=no` to the SSH command line. Use the input `ssh-known-hosts` to
configure additional hosts.
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default: true
persist-credentials:
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description: 'Whether to configure the token or SSH key with the local git config'
default: true
path:
description: 'Relative path under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE to place the repository'
clean:
description: 'Whether to execute `git clean -ffdx && git reset --hard HEAD` before fetching'
default: true
fetch-depth:
description: 'Number of commits to fetch. 0 indicates all history for all tags and branches.'
default: 1
lfs:
description: 'Whether to download Git-LFS files'
default: false
submodules:
description: >
Whether to checkout submodules: `true` to checkout submodules or `recursive` to
recursively checkout submodules.
When the `ssh-key` input is not provided, SSH URLs beginning with `git@github.com:` are
converted to HTTPS.
default: false
```
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Note:
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- SSH support is new
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- `persist-credentials` is new
- `path` behavior is different (refer [below](#path) for details)
### Fallback to GitHub API
When a sufficient version of git is not in the PATH, fallback to the [web API](https://developer.github.com/v3/repos/contents/#get-archive-link) to download a tarball/zipball.
Note:
- LFS files are not included in the archive. Therefore fail if LFS is set to true.
- Submodules are also not included in the archive.
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### Persist credentials
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The credentials will be persisted on disk. This will allow users to script authenticated git commands, like `git fetch`.
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A post script will remove the credentials (cleanup for self-hosted).
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Users may opt-out by specifying `persist-credentials: false`
Note:
- Users scripting `git commit` may need to set the username and email. The service does not provide any reasonable default value. Users can add `git config user.name <NAME>` and `git config user.email <EMAIL>`. We will document this guidance.
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#### PAT
When using the `${{github.token}}` or a PAT, the token will be persisted in the local git config. The config key `http.https://github.com/.extraheader` enables an auth header to be specified on all authenticated commands `AUTHORIZATION: basic <BASE64_U:P>`.
Note:
- The auth header is scoped to all of github `http.https://github.com/.extraheader`
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- Additional public remotes also just work.
- If users want to authenticate to an additional private remote, they should provide the `token` input.
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#### SSH key
The SSH key will be written to disk under the `$RUNNER_TEMP` directory. The SSH key will
be removed by the action's post-job hook. Additionally, RUNNER_TEMP is cleared by the
runner between jobs.
The SSH key must be written with strict file permissions. The SSH client requires the file
to be read/write for the user, and not accessible by others.
The user host key database (`~/.ssh/known_hosts`) will be copied to a unique file under
`$RUNNER_TEMP`. And values from the input `ssh-known-hosts` will be added to the file.
The SSH command will be overridden for the local git config:
```sh
git config core.sshCommand 'ssh -i "$RUNNER_TEMP/path-to-ssh-key" -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes -o CheckHostIP=no -o "UserKnownHostsFile=$RUNNER_TEMP/path-to-known-hosts"'
```
When the input `ssh-strict` is set to `false`, the options `CheckHostIP` and `StrictHostKeyChecking` will not be overridden.
Note:
- When `ssh-strict` is set to `true` (default), the SSH option `CheckHostIP` can safely be disabled.
Strict host checking verifies the server's public key. Therefore, IP verification is unnecessary
and noisy. For example:
> Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '140.82.113.4' to the list of known hosts.
- Since GIT_SSH_COMMAND overrides core.sshCommand, temporarily set the env var when fetching the repo. When creds
are persisted, core.sshCommand is leveraged to avoid multiple checkout steps stomping over each other.
- Modify actions/runner to mount RUNNER_TEMP to enable scripting authenticated git commands from a container action.
- Refer [here](https://linux.die.net/man/5/ssh_config) for SSH config details.
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### Fetch behavior
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Fetch only the SHA being built and set depth=1. This significantly reduces the fetch time for large repos.
If a SHA isn't available (e.g. multi repo), then fetch only the specified ref with depth=1.
The input `fetch-depth` can be used to control the depth.
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Note:
- Fetching a single commit is supported by Git wire protocol version 2. The git client uses protocol version 0 by default. The desired protocol version can be overridden in the git config or on the fetch command line invocation (`-c protocol.version=2`). We will override on the fetch command line, for transparency.
- Git client version 2.18+ (released June 2018) is required for wire protocol version 2.
### Checkout behavior
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For CI, checkout will create a local ref with the upstream set. This allows users to script git as they normally would.
For PR, continue to checkout detached head. The PR branch is special - the branch and merge commit are created by the server. It doesn't match a users' local workflow.
Note:
- Consider deleting all local refs during cleanup if that helps avoid collisions. More testing required.
### Path
For the mainline scenario, the disk-layout behavior remains the same.
Remember, given the repo `johndoe/foo`, the mainline disk layout looks like:
```
GITHUB_WORKSPACE=/home/runner/work/foo/foo
RUNNER_WORKSPACE=/home/runner/work/foo
```
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V2 introduces a new constraint on the checkout path. The location must now be under `github.workspace`. Whereas the checkout@v1 constraint was one level up, under `runner.workspace`.
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V2 no longer changes `github.workspace` to follow wherever the self repo is checked-out.
These behavioral changes align better with container actions. The [documented filesystem contract](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/virtual-environments-for-github-hosted-runners#docker-container-filesystem) is:
- `/github/home`
- `/github/workspace` - Note: GitHub Actions must be run by the default Docker user (root). Ensure your Dockerfile does not set the USER instruction, otherwise you will not be able to access `GITHUB_WORKSPACE`.
- `/github/workflow`
Note:
- The tracking config will not be updated to reflect the path of the workflow repo.
- Any existing workflow repo will not be moved when the checkout path changes. In fact some customers want to checkout the workflow repo twice, side by side against different branches.
- Actions that need to operate only against the root of the self repo, should expose a `path` input.
#### Default value for `path` input
The `path` input will default to `./` which is rooted against `github.workspace`.
This default fits the mainline scenario well: single checkout
For multi-checkout, users must specify the `path` input for at least one of the repositories.
Note:
- An alternative is for the self repo to default to `./` and other repos default to `<REPO_NAME>`. However nested layout is an atypical git layout and therefore is not a good default. Users should supply the path info.
#### Example - Nested layout
The following example checks-out two repositories and creates a nested layout.
```yaml
# Self repo - Checkout to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
- uses: checkout@v2
# Other repo - Checkout to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/myscripts
- uses: checkout@v2
with:
repository: myorg/myscripts
path: myscripts
```
#### Example - Side by side layout
The following example checks-out two repositories and creates a side-by-side layout.
```yaml
# Self repo - Checkout to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/foo
- uses: checkout@v2
with:
path: foo
# Other repo - Checkout to $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/myscripts
- uses: checkout@v2
with:
repository: myorg/myscripts
path: myscripts
```
#### Path impact to problem matchers
Problem matchers associate the source files with annotations.
Today the runner verifies the source file is under the `github.workspace`. Otherwise the source file property is dropped.
Multi-checkout complicates the matter. However even today submodules may cause this heuristic to be inaccurate.
A better solution is:
Given a source file path, walk up the directories until the first `.git/config` is found. Check if it matches the self repo (`url = https://github.com/OWNER/REPO`). If not, drop the source file path.
### Submodules
With both PAT and SSH key support, we should be able to provide frictionless support for
submodules scenarios: recursive, non-recursive, relative submodule paths.
When fetching submodules, follow the `fetch-depth` settings.
Also when fetching submodules, if the `ssh-key` input is not provided then convert SSH URLs to HTTPS: `-c url."https://github.com/".insteadOf "git@github.com:"`
Credentials will be persisted in the submodules local git config too.
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### Port to typescript
The checkout action should be a typescript action on the GitHub graph, for the following reasons:
- Enables customers to fork the checkout repo and modify
- Serves as an example for customers
- Demystifies the checkout action manifest
- Simplifies the runner
- Reduce the amount of runner code to port (if we ever do)
Note:
- This means job-container images will need git in the PATH, for checkout.
### Branching strategy and release tags
- Create a servicing branch for V1: `releases/v1`
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- Merge the changes into the default branch
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- Release using a new tag `preview`
- When stable, release using a new tag `v2`
## Consequences
- Update the checkout action and readme
- Update samples to consume `actions/checkout@v2`
- Job containers now require git in the PATH for checkout, otherwise fallback to REST API
- Minimum git version 2.18
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- Update problem matcher logic regarding source file verification (runner)