diff --git a/src/concepts/action.rs b/src/concepts/action.rs
index 6c07fae..fc8ef1c 100644
--- a/src/concepts/action.rs
+++ b/src/concepts/action.rs
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ impl Action {
     pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
         &self.name
     }
+
+    pub fn stream_name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.stream_name
+    }
+
+    pub fn filter_name(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.filter_name
+    }
+
     pub fn after_duration(&self) -> Option<TimeDelta> {
         self.after_duration
     }
diff --git a/src/daemon/action.rs b/src/daemon/action.rs
index c86093b..92cf54d 100644
--- a/src/daemon/action.rs
+++ b/src/daemon/action.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use std::{
     collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet},
     process::Stdio,
-    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+    sync::Arc,
 };
 
-use chrono::{Local, TimeDelta};
+use chrono::Local;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tracing::{error, info};
 
@@ -13,43 +13,16 @@ use crate::{
     protocol::Order,
 };
 
-struct State {
-    pending: BTreeMap<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>,
-    ordered_times: BTreeMap<Time, Match>,
-}
-
-impl State {
-    fn add_match(&mut self, m: &Match, t: &Time) {
-        self.pending.entry(m.clone()).or_default().insert(*t);
-        self.ordered_times.insert(*t, m.clone());
-    }
-
-    fn remove(&mut self, m: &Match, t: &Time) -> bool {
-        self.pending.entry(m.clone()).and_modify(|times| {
-            times.remove(t);
-        });
-        self.ordered_times.remove(t).is_some()
-    }
-
-    fn clear_past_times(&mut self, now: &Time, after: Option<TimeDelta>) {
-        let after = after.unwrap_or_default();
-        while self
-            .ordered_times
-            .first_key_value()
-            .is_some_and(|(k, _)| *k + after < *now)
-        {
-            #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // we just checked in the condition that first is_some
-            let (_, m) = self.ordered_times.pop_first().unwrap();
-            self.pending.remove(&m);
-        }
-    }
-}
+use super::{SledDbExt, SledTreeExt};
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ActionManager {
     action: &'static Action,
     exec_limit: Option<Arc<Semaphore>>,
-    state: Arc<Mutex<State>>,
+    // BTreeMap<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>,
+    pending: sled::Tree,
+    // BTreeMap<Time, Match>,
+    ordered_times: sled::Tree,
 }
 
 impl ActionManager {
@@ -59,20 +32,18 @@ impl ActionManager {
 
     pub fn new(
         action: &'static Action,
-        pending: BTreeMap<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>,
         exec_limit: Option<Arc<Semaphore>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
+        db: &sled::Db,
+    ) -> Result<Self, sled::Error> {
+        let manager = Self {
             action,
             exec_limit,
-            state: Arc::new(Mutex::new(State {
-                pending: pending.clone(),
-                ordered_times: pending
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .flat_map(|(m, times)| times.into_iter().map(move |time| (time, m.clone())))
-                    .collect(),
-            })),
-        }
+            pending: db.open_action_pending_tree(action)?,
+            ordered_times: db.open_action_ordered_times_tree(action)?,
+        };
+        let now = Local::now();
+        manager.clear_past_times(&now);
+        Ok(manager)
     }
 
     pub fn handle_exec(&mut self, m: Match, t: Time) {
@@ -81,19 +52,16 @@ impl ActionManager {
         if exec_t < now {
             self.exec_now(m);
         } else {
-            {
-                #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // propagating panics is ok
-                let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-                state.clear_past_times(&t, self.action.after_duration());
-                state.add_match(&m, &exec_t);
-            }
+            // FIXME is clearing here buggy logic or right logic?
+            self.clear_past_times(&t);
+            self.add_match(&m, &exec_t);
+
             let this = self.clone();
             tokio::spawn(async move {
                 let dur = (exec_t - now).to_std().expect("Duration is bigger than what's supported. Did you put an enormous after duration?");
                 tokio::time::sleep(dur).await;
                 #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // propagating panics is ok
-                let mut state = this.state.lock().unwrap();
-                if state.remove(&m, &exec_t) {
+                if this.remove(&m, &exec_t) {
                     this.exec_now(m);
                 }
             });
@@ -106,11 +74,9 @@ impl ActionManager {
         is_match: F,
     ) -> BTreeMap<Vec<String>, Vec<String>> {
         #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // propagating panics is ok
-        let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-        state
-            .pending
+        self.pending
             .clone()
-            .into_iter()
+            .iter_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>()
             // match filtering
             .filter(|(match_, _)| is_match(match_))
             .fold(BTreeMap::default(), |mut acc, (match_, times)| {
@@ -118,7 +84,7 @@ impl ActionManager {
                     .iter()
                     .map(|time| {
                         if let Order::Flush = order {
-                            if state.remove(&match_, time) {
+                            if self.remove(&match_, time) {
                                 self.exec_now(match_.clone());
                             }
                         }
@@ -160,14 +126,66 @@ impl ActionManager {
     pub fn quit(&mut self) {
         if self.action.on_exit() {
             #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // propagating panics is ok
-            let mut state = self.state.lock().unwrap();
-            for (m, times) in &state.pending {
-                for _ in times {
-                    self.exec_now(m.clone());
-                }
-            }
-            state.pending.clear();
-            state.ordered_times.clear();
+            self.pending
+                .iter()
+                .map(|elt| {
+                    let (k, v) = elt.unwrap();
+                    let k: Match = bincode::deserialize(&k).unwrap();
+                    let v: BTreeSet<Time> = bincode::deserialize(&v).unwrap();
+                    (k, v)
+                })
+                .for_each(|(m, times)| {
+                    for _ in times {
+                        self.exec_now(m.clone());
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn add_match(&self, m: &Match, t: &Time) {
+        // FIXME do this in a transaction
+        self.pending
+            .fetch_and_update_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>, _>(m, |set| {
+                let mut set = set.unwrap_or_default();
+                set.insert(*t);
+                Some(set)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+        self.ordered_times.insert_ext::<Time, Match>(t, m).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn remove(&self, m: &Match, t: &Time) -> bool {
+        self.pending
+            .fetch_and_update_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>, _>(m, |set| {
+                let mut set = set.unwrap_or_default();
+                set.remove(t);
+                Some(set)
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+        self.ordered_times.remove_ext::<Time, Match>(t).is_some()
+    }
+
+    fn clear_past_times(&self, now: &Time) {
+        let after = self.action.after_duration().unwrap_or_default();
+        while self
+            .ordered_times
+            .first_ext::<Time, Match>()
+            .unwrap()
+            .is_some_and(|(k, _)| k + after < *now)
+        {
+            #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // second unwrap: we just checked in the condition that first is_some
+            let (t, m) = self
+                .ordered_times
+                .pop_min_ext::<Time, Match>()
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap();
+            self.pending
+                .fetch_and_update_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>, _>(&m, |set| {
+                    let mut set = set.unwrap();
+                    set.remove(&t);
+                    Some(set)
+                })
+                .unwrap();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/daemon/filter.rs b/src/daemon/filter.rs
index 262108f..233df56 100644
--- a/src/daemon/filter.rs
+++ b/src/daemon/filter.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
     protocol::{Order, PatternStatus},
 };
 
-use super::{action::ActionManager, SledTreeExt};
+use super::{action::ActionManager, SledDbExt, SledTreeExt};
 
 pub struct FilterManager {
     filter: &'static Filter,
@@ -30,19 +30,15 @@ impl FilterManager {
         exec_limit: Option<Arc<Semaphore>>,
         db: &sled::Db,
     ) -> Result<Self, sled::Error> {
-        let mut manager = Self {
+        let manager = Self {
             filter,
             action_managers: filter
                 .actions()
                 .values()
-                .map(|action| ActionManager::new(action, BTreeMap::default(), exec_limit.clone()))
-                .collect(),
-            matches: db.open_tree(
-                format!("matches_{}.{}", filter.stream_name(), filter.name()).as_bytes(),
-            )?,
-            ordered_times: db.open_tree(
-                format!("ordered_times_{}.{}", filter.stream_name(), filter.name()).as_bytes(),
-            )?,
+                .map(|action| ActionManager::new(action, exec_limit.clone(), db))
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+            matches: db.open_filter_matches_tree(filter)?,
+            ordered_times: db.open_filter_ordered_times_tree(filter)?,
         };
         let now = Local::now();
         manager.clear_past_times(now);
@@ -97,15 +93,9 @@ impl FilterManager {
                 .all(|(a_match, regex)| regex.is_match(a_match))
         };
 
-        let cs: BTreeMap<_, _> = self
-            .matches
-            .iter()
-            .map(|elt| {
-                let (k, v) = elt.unwrap();
-                let k: Match = bincode::deserialize(&k).unwrap();
-                let v: BTreeSet<Time> = bincode::deserialize(&v).unwrap();
-                (k, v)
-            })
+        let matches = self.matches.clone();
+        let cs: BTreeMap<_, _> = matches
+            .iter_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>()
             // match filtering
             .filter(|(match_, _)| is_match(match_))
             .map(|(match_, times)| {
@@ -136,6 +126,7 @@ impl FilterManager {
     }
 
     fn add_match(&mut self, m: &Match, t: Time) {
+        // FIXME do this in a transaction
         self.matches
             .fetch_and_update_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>, _>(m, |set| {
                 let mut set = set.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -147,6 +138,7 @@ impl FilterManager {
     }
 
     fn remove_match(&mut self, m: &Match) {
+        // FIXME do this in a transaction
         if let Some(times) = self.matches.remove_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>(m) {
             for t in times {
                 self.ordered_times.remove_ext::<Time, Match>(&t);
@@ -154,21 +146,28 @@ impl FilterManager {
         }
     }
 
-    fn clear_past_times(&mut self, now: Time) {
+    fn clear_past_times(&self, now: Time) {
         let retry_duration = self.filter.retry_duration().unwrap_or_default();
         while self
             .ordered_times
             .first_ext::<Time, Match>()
             .unwrap()
-            .is_some_and(|(k, _)| k + retry_duration < now)
+            .is_some_and(|(t, _)| t + retry_duration < now)
         {
-            #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // we just checked in the condition that first is_some
-            let (_, m) = self
+            // FIXME do this in a transaction
+            #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)] // second unwrap: we just checked in the condition that first is_some
+            let (t, m) = self
                 .ordered_times
                 .pop_min_ext::<Time, Match>()
                 .unwrap()
                 .unwrap();
-            self.matches.remove_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>>(&m);
+            self.matches
+                .fetch_and_update_ext::<Match, BTreeSet<Time>, _>(&m, |set| {
+                    let mut set = set.unwrap();
+                    set.remove(&t);
+                    Some(set)
+                })
+                .unwrap();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/daemon/mod.rs b/src/daemon/mod.rs
index f1de22c..a0814e9 100644
--- a/src/daemon/mod.rs
+++ b/src/daemon/mod.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use tracing::info;
 
 use crate::concepts::{Config, Filter, Stream};
 use filter::FilterManager;
-use sledext::SledTreeExt;
+use sledext::*;
 use socket::socket_manager;
 use stream::stream_manager;
 
diff --git a/src/daemon/sledext.rs b/src/daemon/sledext.rs
index 66ce526..8450fa0 100644
--- a/src/daemon/sledext.rs
+++ b/src/daemon/sledext.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,68 @@ use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
 
 use sled::Result;
 
+use crate::concepts::{Action, Filter};
+
+/// This trait permits to streamline how to open the correct [`Tree`]s
+/// so that we can reliably open the same Trees in multiple places
+///
+/// [`Tree`]: https://docs.rs/sled/latest/sled/struct.Tree.html
+pub trait SledDbExt {
+    fn open_filter_matches_tree(&self, filter: &Filter) -> Result<sled::Tree>;
+    fn open_filter_ordered_times_tree(&self, filter: &Filter) -> Result<sled::Tree>;
+    fn open_action_pending_tree(&self, action: &Action) -> Result<sled::Tree>;
+    fn open_action_ordered_times_tree(&self, action: &Action) -> Result<sled::Tree>;
+}
+
+impl SledDbExt for sled::Db {
+    fn open_filter_matches_tree(&self, filter: &Filter) -> Result<sled::Tree> {
+        self.open_tree(
+            format!("filter_matches_{}.{}", filter.stream_name(), filter.name()).as_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+    fn open_filter_ordered_times_tree(&self, filter: &Filter) -> Result<sled::Tree> {
+        self.open_tree(
+            format!(
+                "filter_ordered_times_{}.{}",
+                filter.stream_name(),
+                filter.name()
+            )
+            .as_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+    fn open_action_pending_tree(&self, action: &Action) -> Result<sled::Tree> {
+        self.open_tree(
+            format!(
+                "action_pending_{}.{}.{}",
+                action.stream_name(),
+                action.filter_name(),
+                action.name()
+            )
+            .as_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+    fn open_action_ordered_times_tree(&self, action: &Action) -> Result<sled::Tree> {
+        self.open_tree(
+            format!(
+                "action_ordered_times_{}.{}.{}",
+                action.stream_name(),
+                action.filter_name(),
+                action.name()
+            )
+            .as_bytes(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+/// This trait just permits to have less verbose typing in the next trait
 pub trait KV: Serialize + DeserializeOwned {}
 impl<T> KV for T where T: Serialize + DeserializeOwned {}
 
+/// This trait permits to have typed Trees and avoid handling the de/serialization in business logic.
+/// key and value types must be [`Serialize`] and [`Deserialize`].
+///
+/// [`Serialize`]: https://docs.rs/serde/latest/serde/trait.Serialize.html
+/// [`Deserialize`]: https://docs.rs/serde/latest/serde/trait.Deserialize.html
 pub trait SledTreeExt {
     fn get_ext<K: KV, V: KV>(&self, k: &K) -> Result<Option<V>>;
     fn remove_ext<K: KV, V: KV>(&self, k: &K) -> Option<V>;
@@ -14,6 +73,7 @@ pub trait SledTreeExt {
     where
         F: FnMut(Option<V>) -> Option<V>;
     fn insert_ext<K: KV, V: KV>(&self, k: &K, v: &V) -> Result<Option<V>>;
+    fn iter_ext<K: KV, V: KV>(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (K, V)>;
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
@@ -75,4 +135,13 @@ impl SledTreeExt for sled::Tree {
             .insert(k, v)?
             .map(|v| bincode::deserialize(&v).unwrap()))
     }
+
+    fn iter_ext<K: KV, V: KV>(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (K, V)> {
+        self.iter().map(|elt| {
+            let (k, v) = elt.unwrap();
+            let k: K = bincode::deserialize(&k).unwrap();
+            let v: V = bincode::deserialize(&v).unwrap();
+            (k, v)
+        })
+    }
 }