nextcloud-spreed-signaling/mcu_proxy.go

/**
 * Standalone signaling server for the Nextcloud Spreed app.
 * Copyright (C) 2020 struktur AG
 *
 * @author Joachim Bauch <bauch@struktur.de>
 *
 * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
package signaling

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/tls"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/dlintw/goconf"
	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt"
	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"

	"go.etcd.io/etcd/clientv3"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/srv"
	"go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/transport"
)

const (
	closeTimeout = time.Second

	proxyDebugMessages = false

	// Very high value so the connections get sorted at the end.
	loadNotConnected = 1000000

	// Sort connections by load every 10 publishing requests or once per second.
	connectionSortRequests = 10
	connectionSortInterval = time.Second

	proxyUrlTypeStatic = "static"
	proxyUrlTypeEtcd   = "etcd"

	initialWaitDelay = time.Second
	maxWaitDelay     = 8 * time.Second

	defaultProxyTimeoutSeconds = 2
)

type mcuProxyPubSubCommon struct {
	streamType string
	proxyId    string
	conn       *mcuProxyConnection
	listener   McuListener
}

func (c *mcuProxyPubSubCommon) Id() string {
	return c.proxyId
}

func (c *mcuProxyPubSubCommon) StreamType() string {
	return c.streamType
}

func (c *mcuProxyPubSubCommon) doSendMessage(ctx context.Context, msg *ProxyClientMessage, callback func(error, map[string]interface{})) {
	c.conn.performAsyncRequest(ctx, msg, func(err error, response *ProxyServerMessage) {
		if err != nil {
			callback(err, nil)
			return
		}

		if proxyDebugMessages {
			log.Printf("Response from %s: %+v", c.conn.url, response)
		}
		if response.Type == "error" {
			callback(response.Error, nil)
		} else if response.Payload != nil {
			callback(nil, response.Payload.Payload)
		} else {
			callback(nil, nil)
		}
	})
}

func (c *mcuProxyPubSubCommon) doProcessPayload(client McuClient, msg *PayloadProxyServerMessage) {
	switch msg.Type {
	case "candidate":
		c.listener.OnIceCandidate(client, msg.Payload["candidate"])
	default:
		log.Printf("Unsupported payload from %s: %+v", c.conn.url, msg)
	}
}

type mcuProxyPublisher struct {
	mcuProxyPubSubCommon

	id string
}

func newMcuProxyPublisher(id string, streamType string, proxyId string, conn *mcuProxyConnection, listener McuListener) *mcuProxyPublisher {
	return &mcuProxyPublisher{
		mcuProxyPubSubCommon: mcuProxyPubSubCommon{
			streamType: streamType,
			proxyId:    proxyId,
			conn:       conn,
			listener:   listener,
		},
		id: id,
	}
}

func (p *mcuProxyPublisher) NotifyClosed() {
	p.listener.PublisherClosed(p)
	p.conn.removePublisher(p)
}

func (p *mcuProxyPublisher) Close(ctx context.Context) {
	p.NotifyClosed()

	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "command",
		Command: &CommandProxyClientMessage{
			Type:     "delete-publisher",
			ClientId: p.proxyId,
		},
	}

	if _, err := p.conn.performSyncRequest(ctx, msg); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not delete publisher %s at %s: %s", p.proxyId, p.conn.url, err)
		return
	}

	log.Printf("Delete publisher %s at %s", p.proxyId, p.conn.url)
}

func (p *mcuProxyPublisher) SendMessage(ctx context.Context, message *MessageClientMessage, data *MessageClientMessageData, callback func(error, map[string]interface{})) {
	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "payload",
		Payload: &PayloadProxyClientMessage{
			Type:     data.Type,
			ClientId: p.proxyId,
			Payload:  data.Payload,
		},
	}

	p.doSendMessage(ctx, msg, callback)
}

func (p *mcuProxyPublisher) ProcessPayload(msg *PayloadProxyServerMessage) {
	p.doProcessPayload(p, msg)
}

func (p *mcuProxyPublisher) ProcessEvent(msg *EventProxyServerMessage) {
	switch msg.Type {
	case "ice-completed":
		p.listener.OnIceCompleted(p)
	case "publisher-closed":
		p.NotifyClosed()
	default:
		log.Printf("Unsupported event from %s: %+v", p.conn.url, msg)
	}
}

type mcuProxySubscriber struct {
	mcuProxyPubSubCommon

	publisherId string
}

func newMcuProxySubscriber(publisherId string, streamType string, proxyId string, conn *mcuProxyConnection, listener McuListener) *mcuProxySubscriber {
	return &mcuProxySubscriber{
		mcuProxyPubSubCommon: mcuProxyPubSubCommon{
			streamType: streamType,
			proxyId:    proxyId,
			conn:       conn,
			listener:   listener,
		},

		publisherId: publisherId,
	}
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) Publisher() string {
	return s.publisherId
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) NotifyClosed() {
	s.listener.SubscriberClosed(s)
	s.conn.removeSubscriber(s)
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) Close(ctx context.Context) {
	s.NotifyClosed()

	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "command",
		Command: &CommandProxyClientMessage{
			Type:     "delete-subscriber",
			ClientId: s.proxyId,
		},
	}

	if _, err := s.conn.performSyncRequest(ctx, msg); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not delete subscriber %s at %s: %s", s.proxyId, s.conn.url, err)
		return
	}

	log.Printf("Delete subscriber %s at %s", s.proxyId, s.conn.url)
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) SendMessage(ctx context.Context, message *MessageClientMessage, data *MessageClientMessageData, callback func(error, map[string]interface{})) {
	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "payload",
		Payload: &PayloadProxyClientMessage{
			Type:     data.Type,
			ClientId: s.proxyId,
			Payload:  data.Payload,
		},
	}

	s.doSendMessage(ctx, msg, callback)
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) ProcessPayload(msg *PayloadProxyServerMessage) {
	s.doProcessPayload(s, msg)
}

func (s *mcuProxySubscriber) ProcessEvent(msg *EventProxyServerMessage) {
	switch msg.Type {
	case "ice-completed":
		s.listener.OnIceCompleted(s)
	case "subscriber-closed":
		s.NotifyClosed()
	default:
		log.Printf("Unsupported event from %s: %+v", s.conn.url, msg)
	}
}

type mcuProxyConnection struct {
	// 64-bit members that are accessed atomically must be 64-bit aligned.
	reconnectInterval int64
	msgId             int64
	load              int64

	proxy  *mcuProxy
	rawUrl string
	url    *url.URL

	mu         sync.Mutex
	closeChan  chan bool
	closedChan chan bool
	closed     uint32
	conn       *websocket.Conn

	connectedSince    time.Time
	reconnectTimer    *time.Timer
	shutdownScheduled uint32
	closeScheduled    uint32
	trackClose        uint32

	helloMsgId string
	sessionId  string
	country    atomic.Value

	callbacks map[string]func(*ProxyServerMessage)

	publishersLock sync.RWMutex
	publishers     map[string]*mcuProxyPublisher
	publisherIds   map[string]string

	subscribersLock sync.RWMutex
	subscribers     map[string]*mcuProxySubscriber
}

func newMcuProxyConnection(proxy *mcuProxy, baseUrl string) (*mcuProxyConnection, error) {
	parsed, err := url.Parse(baseUrl)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	conn := &mcuProxyConnection{
		proxy:             proxy,
		rawUrl:            baseUrl,
		url:               parsed,
		closeChan:         make(chan bool, 1),
		closedChan:        make(chan bool, 1),
		reconnectInterval: int64(initialReconnectInterval),
		load:              loadNotConnected,
		callbacks:         make(map[string]func(*ProxyServerMessage)),
		publishers:        make(map[string]*mcuProxyPublisher),
		publisherIds:      make(map[string]string),
		subscribers:       make(map[string]*mcuProxySubscriber),
	}
	conn.country.Store("")
	return conn, nil
}

type mcuProxyConnectionStats struct {
	Url        string     `json:"url"`
	Connected  bool       `json:"connected"`
	Publishers int64      `json:"publishers"`
	Clients    int64      `json:"clients"`
	Load       *int64     `json:"load,omitempty"`
	Shutdown   *bool      `json:"shutdown,omitempty"`
	Uptime     *time.Time `json:"uptime,omitempty"`
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) GetStats() *mcuProxyConnectionStats {
	result := &mcuProxyConnectionStats{
		Url: c.url.String(),
	}
	c.mu.Lock()
	if c.conn != nil {
		result.Connected = true
		result.Uptime = &c.connectedSince
		load := c.Load()
		result.Load = &load
		shutdown := c.IsShutdownScheduled()
		result.Shutdown = &shutdown
	}
	c.mu.Unlock()
	c.publishersLock.RLock()
	result.Publishers = int64(len(c.publishers))
	c.publishersLock.RUnlock()
	c.subscribersLock.RLock()
	result.Clients = int64(len(c.subscribers))
	c.subscribersLock.RUnlock()
	result.Clients += result.Publishers
	return result
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) Load() int64 {
	return atomic.LoadInt64(&c.load)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) Country() string {
	return c.country.Load().(string)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) IsShutdownScheduled() bool {
	return atomic.LoadUint32(&c.shutdownScheduled) != 0 || atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closeScheduled) != 0
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) readPump() {
	defer func() {
		if atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closed) == 0 {
			c.scheduleReconnect()
		} else {
			c.closedChan <- true
		}
	}()
	defer c.close()
	defer atomic.StoreInt64(&c.load, loadNotConnected)

	c.mu.Lock()
	conn := c.conn
	c.mu.Unlock()

	conn.SetPongHandler(func(msg string) error {
		now := time.Now()
		conn.SetReadDeadline(now.Add(pongWait)) // nolint
		if msg == "" {
			return nil
		}
		if ts, err := strconv.ParseInt(msg, 10, 64); err == nil {
			rtt := now.Sub(time.Unix(0, ts))
			rtt_ms := rtt.Nanoseconds() / time.Millisecond.Nanoseconds()
			log.Printf("Proxy at %s has RTT of %d ms (%s)", c.url, rtt_ms, rtt)
		}
		return nil
	})

	for {
		conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(pongWait)) // nolint
		_, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
		if err != nil {
			if _, ok := err.(*websocket.CloseError); !ok || websocket.IsUnexpectedCloseError(err,
				websocket.CloseNormalClosure,
				websocket.CloseGoingAway,
				websocket.CloseNoStatusReceived) {
				log.Printf("Error reading from %s: %v", c.url, err)
			}
			break
		}

		var msg ProxyServerMessage
		if err := json.Unmarshal(message, &msg); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Error unmarshaling %s from %s: %s", string(message), c.url, err)
			continue
		}

		c.processMessage(&msg)
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) sendPing() bool {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	if c.conn == nil {
		return false
	}

	now := time.Now()
	msg := strconv.FormatInt(now.UnixNano(), 10)
	c.conn.SetWriteDeadline(now.Add(writeWait)) // nolint
	if err := c.conn.WriteMessage(websocket.PingMessage, []byte(msg)); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not send ping to proxy at %s: %v", c.url, err)
		c.scheduleReconnect()
		return false
	}

	return true
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) writePump() {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(pingPeriod)
	defer func() {
		ticker.Stop()
	}()

	c.reconnectTimer = time.NewTimer(0)
	for {
		select {
		case <-c.reconnectTimer.C:
			c.reconnect()
		case <-ticker.C:
			c.sendPing()
		case <-c.closeChan:
			return
		}
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) start() error {
	go c.writePump()
	return nil
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) sendClose() error {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()

	if c.conn == nil {
		return ErrNotConnected
	}

	c.conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(writeWait)) // nolint
	return c.conn.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, websocket.FormatCloseMessage(websocket.CloseNormalClosure, ""))
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) stop(ctx context.Context) {
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&c.closed, 0, 1) {
		return
	}

	c.closeChan <- true
	if err := c.sendClose(); err != nil {
		if err != ErrNotConnected {
			log.Printf("Could not send close message to %s: %s", c.url, err)
		}
		c.close()
		return
	}

	select {
	case <-c.closedChan:
	case <-ctx.Done():
		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Error waiting for connection to %s get closed: %s", c.url, err)
			c.close()
		}
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) close() {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()

	if c.conn != nil {
		c.conn.Close()
		c.conn = nil
		if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&c.trackClose, 1, 0) {
			statsConnectedProxyBackendsCurrent.WithLabelValues(c.Country()).Dec()
		}
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) stopCloseIfEmpty() {
	atomic.StoreUint32(&c.closeScheduled, 0)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) closeIfEmpty() bool {
	atomic.StoreUint32(&c.closeScheduled, 1)

	var total int64
	c.publishersLock.RLock()
	total += int64(len(c.publishers))
	c.publishersLock.RUnlock()
	c.subscribersLock.RLock()
	total += int64(len(c.subscribers))
	c.subscribersLock.RUnlock()
	if total > 0 {
		// Connection will be closed once all clients have disconnected.
		log.Printf("Connection to %s is still used by %d clients, defer closing", c.url, total)
		return false
	}

	go func() {
		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), closeTimeout)
		defer cancel()

		log.Printf("All clients disconnected, closing connection to %s", c.url)
		c.stop(ctx)

		c.proxy.removeConnection(c)
	}()
	return true
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) scheduleReconnect() {
	if err := c.sendClose(); err != nil && err != ErrNotConnected {
		log.Printf("Could not send close message to %s: %s", c.url, err)
	}
	c.close()

	interval := atomic.LoadInt64(&c.reconnectInterval)
	c.reconnectTimer.Reset(time.Duration(interval))

	interval = interval * 2
	if interval > int64(maxReconnectInterval) {
		interval = int64(maxReconnectInterval)
	}
	atomic.StoreInt64(&c.reconnectInterval, interval)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) reconnect() {
	u, err := c.url.Parse("proxy")
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not resolve url to proxy at %s: %s", c.url, err)
		c.scheduleReconnect()
		return
	}
	if u.Scheme == "http" {
		u.Scheme = "ws"
	} else if u.Scheme == "https" {
		u.Scheme = "wss"
	}

	conn, _, err := c.proxy.dialer.Dial(u.String(), nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not connect to %s: %s", u, err)
		c.scheduleReconnect()
		return
	}

	log.Printf("Connected to %s", u)
	atomic.StoreUint32(&c.closed, 0)

	c.mu.Lock()
	c.connectedSince = time.Now()
	c.conn = conn
	c.mu.Unlock()

	atomic.StoreInt64(&c.reconnectInterval, int64(initialReconnectInterval))
	atomic.StoreUint32(&c.shutdownScheduled, 0)
	if err := c.sendHello(); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not send hello request to %s: %s", c.url, err)
		c.scheduleReconnect()
		return
	}

	if !c.sendPing() {
		return
	}

	go c.readPump()
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) removePublisher(publisher *mcuProxyPublisher) {
	c.proxy.removePublisher(publisher)

	c.publishersLock.Lock()
	defer c.publishersLock.Unlock()

	if _, found := c.publishers[publisher.proxyId]; found {
		delete(c.publishers, publisher.proxyId)
		statsPublishersCurrent.WithLabelValues(publisher.StreamType()).Dec()
	}
	delete(c.publisherIds, publisher.id+"|"+publisher.StreamType())

	if len(c.publishers) == 0 && atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closeScheduled) != 0 {
		go c.closeIfEmpty()
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) clearPublishers() {
	c.publishersLock.Lock()
	defer c.publishersLock.Unlock()

	go func(publishers map[string]*mcuProxyPublisher) {
		for _, publisher := range publishers {
			publisher.NotifyClosed()
		}
	}(c.publishers)
	c.publishers = make(map[string]*mcuProxyPublisher)
	c.publisherIds = make(map[string]string)

	if atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closeScheduled) != 0 {
		go c.closeIfEmpty()
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) removeSubscriber(subscriber *mcuProxySubscriber) {
	c.subscribersLock.Lock()
	defer c.subscribersLock.Unlock()

	if _, found := c.subscribers[subscriber.proxyId]; found {
		delete(c.subscribers, subscriber.proxyId)
		statsSubscribersCurrent.WithLabelValues(subscriber.StreamType()).Dec()
	}

	if len(c.subscribers) == 0 && atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closeScheduled) != 0 {
		go c.closeIfEmpty()
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) clearSubscribers() {
	c.subscribersLock.Lock()
	defer c.subscribersLock.Unlock()

	go func(subscribers map[string]*mcuProxySubscriber) {
		for _, subscriber := range subscribers {
			subscriber.NotifyClosed()
		}
	}(c.subscribers)
	c.subscribers = make(map[string]*mcuProxySubscriber)

	if atomic.LoadUint32(&c.closeScheduled) != 0 {
		go c.closeIfEmpty()
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) clearCallbacks() {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()

	c.callbacks = make(map[string]func(*ProxyServerMessage))
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) getCallback(id string) func(*ProxyServerMessage) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()

	callback, found := c.callbacks[id]
	if found {
		delete(c.callbacks, id)
	}
	return callback
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) processMessage(msg *ProxyServerMessage) {
	if c.helloMsgId != "" && msg.Id == c.helloMsgId {
		c.helloMsgId = ""
		switch msg.Type {
		case "error":
			if msg.Error.Code == "no_such_session" {
				log.Printf("Session %s could not be resumed on %s, registering new", c.sessionId, c.url)
				c.clearPublishers()
				c.clearSubscribers()
				c.clearCallbacks()
				c.sessionId = ""
				if err := c.sendHello(); err != nil {
					log.Printf("Could not send hello request to %s: %s", c.url, err)
					c.scheduleReconnect()
				}
				return
			}

			log.Printf("Hello connection to %s failed with %+v, reconnecting", c.url, msg.Error)
			c.scheduleReconnect()
		case "hello":
			resumed := c.sessionId == msg.Hello.SessionId
			c.sessionId = msg.Hello.SessionId
			country := ""
			if msg.Hello.Server != nil {
				if country = msg.Hello.Server.Country; country != "" && !IsValidCountry(country) {
					log.Printf("Proxy %s sent invalid country %s in hello response", c.url, country)
					country = ""
				}
			}
			c.country.Store(country)
			if resumed {
				log.Printf("Resumed session %s on %s", c.sessionId, c.url)
			} else if country != "" {
				log.Printf("Received session %s from %s (in %s)", c.sessionId, c.url, country)
			} else {
				log.Printf("Received session %s from %s", c.sessionId, c.url)
			}
			if atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&c.trackClose, 0, 1) {
				statsConnectedProxyBackendsCurrent.WithLabelValues(c.Country()).Inc()
			}
		default:
			log.Printf("Received unsupported hello response %+v from %s, reconnecting", msg, c.url)
			c.scheduleReconnect()
		}
		return
	}

	if proxyDebugMessages {
		log.Printf("Received from %s: %+v", c.url, msg)
	}
	callback := c.getCallback(msg.Id)
	if callback != nil {
		callback(msg)
		return
	}

	switch msg.Type {
	case "payload":
		c.processPayload(msg)
	case "event":
		c.processEvent(msg)
	case "bye":
		c.processBye(msg)
	default:
		log.Printf("Unsupported message received from %s: %+v", c.url, msg)
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) processPayload(msg *ProxyServerMessage) {
	payload := msg.Payload
	c.publishersLock.RLock()
	publisher, found := c.publishers[payload.ClientId]
	c.publishersLock.RUnlock()
	if found {
		publisher.ProcessPayload(payload)
		return
	}

	c.subscribersLock.RLock()
	subscriber, found := c.subscribers[payload.ClientId]
	c.subscribersLock.RUnlock()
	if found {
		subscriber.ProcessPayload(payload)
		return
	}

	log.Printf("Received payload for unknown client %+v from %s", payload, c.url)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) processEvent(msg *ProxyServerMessage) {
	event := msg.Event
	switch event.Type {
	case "backend-disconnected":
		log.Printf("Upstream backend at %s got disconnected, reset MCU objects", c.url)
		c.clearPublishers()
		c.clearSubscribers()
		c.clearCallbacks()
		// TODO: Should we also reconnect?
		return
	case "backend-connected":
		log.Printf("Upstream backend at %s is connected", c.url)
		return
	case "update-load":
		if proxyDebugMessages {
			log.Printf("Load of %s now at %d", c.url, event.Load)
		}
		atomic.StoreInt64(&c.load, event.Load)
		statsProxyBackendLoadCurrent.WithLabelValues(c.url.String()).Set(float64(event.Load))
		return
	case "shutdown-scheduled":
		log.Printf("Proxy %s is scheduled to shutdown", c.url)
		atomic.StoreUint32(&c.shutdownScheduled, 1)
		return
	}

	if proxyDebugMessages {
		log.Printf("Process event from %s: %+v", c.url, event)
	}
	c.publishersLock.RLock()
	publisher, found := c.publishers[event.ClientId]
	c.publishersLock.RUnlock()
	if found {
		publisher.ProcessEvent(event)
		return
	}

	c.subscribersLock.RLock()
	subscriber, found := c.subscribers[event.ClientId]
	c.subscribersLock.RUnlock()
	if found {
		subscriber.ProcessEvent(event)
		return
	}

	log.Printf("Received event for unknown client %+v from %s", event, c.url)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) processBye(msg *ProxyServerMessage) {
	bye := msg.Bye
	switch bye.Reason {
	case "session_resumed":
		log.Printf("Session %s on %s was resumed by other client, resetting", c.sessionId, c.url)
		c.sessionId = ""
	default:
		log.Printf("Received bye with unsupported reason from %s %+v", c.url, bye)
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) sendHello() error {
	c.helloMsgId = strconv.FormatInt(atomic.AddInt64(&c.msgId, 1), 10)
	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Id:   c.helloMsgId,
		Type: "hello",
		Hello: &HelloProxyClientMessage{
			Version: "1.0",
		},
	}
	if c.sessionId != "" {
		msg.Hello.ResumeId = c.sessionId
	} else {
		claims := &TokenClaims{
			jwt.StandardClaims{
				IssuedAt: time.Now().Unix(),
				Issuer:   c.proxy.tokenId,
			},
		}
		token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
		tokenString, err := token.SignedString(c.proxy.tokenKey)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		msg.Hello.Token = tokenString
	}
	return c.sendMessage(msg)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) sendMessage(msg *ProxyClientMessage) error {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()

	return c.sendMessageLocked(msg)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) sendMessageLocked(msg *ProxyClientMessage) error {
	if proxyDebugMessages {
		log.Printf("Send message to %s: %+v", c.url, msg)
	}
	if c.conn == nil {
		return ErrNotConnected
	}
	c.conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(writeWait)) // nolint
	return c.conn.WriteJSON(msg)
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) performAsyncRequest(ctx context.Context, msg *ProxyClientMessage, callback func(err error, response *ProxyServerMessage)) {
	msgId := strconv.FormatInt(atomic.AddInt64(&c.msgId, 1), 10)
	msg.Id = msgId

	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	c.callbacks[msgId] = func(msg *ProxyServerMessage) {
		callback(nil, msg)
	}
	if err := c.sendMessageLocked(msg); err != nil {
		delete(c.callbacks, msgId)
		go callback(err, nil)
		return
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) performSyncRequest(ctx context.Context, msg *ProxyClientMessage) (*ProxyServerMessage, error) {
	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	responseChan := make(chan *ProxyServerMessage, 1)
	c.performAsyncRequest(ctx, msg, func(err error, response *ProxyServerMessage) {
		if err != nil {
			errChan <- err
		} else {
			responseChan <- response
		}
	})

	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return nil, ctx.Err()
	case err := <-errChan:
		return nil, err
	case response := <-responseChan:
		return response, nil
	}
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) newPublisher(ctx context.Context, listener McuListener, id string, streamType string, bitrate int) (McuPublisher, error) {
	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "command",
		Command: &CommandProxyClientMessage{
			Type:       "create-publisher",
			StreamType: streamType,
			Bitrate:    bitrate,
		},
	}

	response, err := c.performSyncRequest(ctx, msg)
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: Cancel request
		return nil, err
	}

	proxyId := response.Command.Id
	log.Printf("Created %s publisher %s on %s for %s", streamType, proxyId, c.url, id)
	publisher := newMcuProxyPublisher(id, streamType, proxyId, c, listener)
	c.publishersLock.Lock()
	c.publishers[proxyId] = publisher
	c.publisherIds[id+"|"+streamType] = proxyId
	c.publishersLock.Unlock()
	statsPublishersCurrent.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	statsPublishersTotal.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	return publisher, nil
}

func (c *mcuProxyConnection) newSubscriber(ctx context.Context, listener McuListener, publisher string, streamType string) (McuSubscriber, error) {
	c.publishersLock.Lock()
	id, found := c.publisherIds[publisher+"|"+streamType]
	c.publishersLock.Unlock()
	if !found {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown publisher %s", publisher)
	}

	msg := &ProxyClientMessage{
		Type: "command",
		Command: &CommandProxyClientMessage{
			Type:        "create-subscriber",
			StreamType:  streamType,
			PublisherId: id,
		},
	}

	response, err := c.performSyncRequest(ctx, msg)
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: Cancel request
		return nil, err
	}

	proxyId := response.Command.Id
	log.Printf("Created %s subscriber %s on %s for %s", streamType, proxyId, c.url, publisher)
	subscriber := newMcuProxySubscriber(publisher, streamType, proxyId, c, listener)
	c.subscribersLock.Lock()
	c.subscribers[proxyId] = subscriber
	c.subscribersLock.Unlock()
	statsSubscribersCurrent.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	statsSubscribersTotal.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	return subscriber, nil
}

type mcuProxy struct {
	// 64-bit members that are accessed atomically must be 64-bit aligned.
	connRequests int64
	nextSort     int64

	tokenId  string
	tokenKey *rsa.PrivateKey

	etcdMu   sync.Mutex
	client   atomic.Value
	keyInfos map[string]*ProxyInformationEtcd
	urlToKey map[string]string

	dialer         *websocket.Dialer
	connections    []*mcuProxyConnection
	connectionsMap map[string]*mcuProxyConnection
	connectionsMu  sync.RWMutex
	proxyTimeout   time.Duration

	maxStreamBitrate int
	maxScreenBitrate int

	mu         sync.RWMutex
	publishers map[string]*mcuProxyConnection

	publisherWaitersId uint64
	publisherWaiters   map[uint64]chan bool

	continentsMap atomic.Value
}

func NewMcuProxy(config *goconf.ConfigFile) (Mcu, error) {
	urlType, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "urltype")

	tokenId, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "token_id")
	if tokenId == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No token id configured")
	}
	tokenKeyFilename, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "token_key")
	if tokenKeyFilename == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No token key configured")
	}
	tokenKeyData, err := ioutil.ReadFile(tokenKeyFilename)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Could not read private key from %s: %s", tokenKeyFilename, err)
	}
	tokenKey, err := jwt.ParseRSAPrivateKeyFromPEM(tokenKeyData)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Could not parse private key from %s: %s", tokenKeyFilename, err)
	}

	proxyTimeoutSeconds, _ := config.GetInt("mcu", "proxytimeout")
	if proxyTimeoutSeconds <= 0 {
		proxyTimeoutSeconds = defaultProxyTimeoutSeconds
	}
	proxyTimeout := time.Duration(proxyTimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
	log.Printf("Using a timeout of %s for proxy requests", proxyTimeout)

	maxStreamBitrate, _ := config.GetInt("mcu", "maxstreambitrate")
	if maxStreamBitrate <= 0 {
		maxStreamBitrate = defaultMaxStreamBitrate
	}
	maxScreenBitrate, _ := config.GetInt("mcu", "maxscreenbitrate")
	if maxScreenBitrate <= 0 {
		maxScreenBitrate = defaultMaxScreenBitrate
	}

	mcu := &mcuProxy{
		tokenId:  tokenId,
		tokenKey: tokenKey,

		dialer: &websocket.Dialer{
			Proxy:            http.ProxyFromEnvironment,
			HandshakeTimeout: proxyTimeout,
		},
		connectionsMap: make(map[string]*mcuProxyConnection),
		proxyTimeout:   proxyTimeout,

		maxStreamBitrate: maxStreamBitrate,
		maxScreenBitrate: maxScreenBitrate,

		publishers: make(map[string]*mcuProxyConnection),

		publisherWaiters: make(map[uint64]chan bool),
	}

	if err := mcu.loadContinentsMap(config); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	skipverify, _ := config.GetBool("mcu", "skipverify")
	if skipverify {
		log.Println("WARNING: MCU verification is disabled!")
		mcu.dialer.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
			InsecureSkipVerify: skipverify,
		}
	}

	if urlType == "" {
		urlType = proxyUrlTypeStatic
	}

	switch urlType {
	case proxyUrlTypeStatic:
		mcuUrl, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "url")
		for _, u := range strings.Split(mcuUrl, " ") {
			conn, err := newMcuProxyConnection(mcu, u)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}

			mcu.connections = append(mcu.connections, conn)
			mcu.connectionsMap[u] = conn
		}
		if len(mcu.connections) == 0 {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("No MCU proxy connections configured")
		}
	case proxyUrlTypeEtcd:
		mcu.keyInfos = make(map[string]*ProxyInformationEtcd)
		mcu.urlToKey = make(map[string]string)
		if err := mcu.configureEtcd(config, false); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unsupported proxy URL type %s", urlType)
	}

	return mcu, nil
}

func (m *mcuProxy) loadContinentsMap(config *goconf.ConfigFile) error {
	options, _ := config.GetOptions("continent-overrides")
	if len(options) == 0 {
		m.setContinentsMap(nil)
		return nil
	}

	continentsMap := make(map[string][]string)
	for _, option := range options {
		option = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(option))
		if !IsValidContinent(option) {
			log.Printf("Ignore unknown continent %s", option)
			continue
		}

		var values []string
		value, _ := config.GetString("continent-overrides", option)
		for _, v := range strings.Split(value, ",") {
			v = strings.ToUpper(strings.TrimSpace(v))
			if !IsValidContinent(v) {
				log.Printf("Ignore unknown continent %s for override %s", v, option)
				continue
			}
			values = append(values, v)
		}
		if len(values) == 0 {
			log.Printf("No valid values found for continent override %s, ignoring", option)
			continue
		}

		continentsMap[option] = values
		log.Printf("Mapping users on continent %s to %s", option, values)
	}

	m.setContinentsMap(continentsMap)
	return nil
}

func (m *mcuProxy) getEtcdClient() *clientv3.Client {
	c := m.client.Load()
	if c == nil {
		return nil
	}

	return c.(*clientv3.Client)
}

func (m *mcuProxy) Start() error {
	m.connectionsMu.RLock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.RUnlock()

	log.Printf("Maximum bandwidth %d bits/sec per publishing stream", m.maxStreamBitrate)
	log.Printf("Maximum bandwidth %d bits/sec per screensharing stream", m.maxScreenBitrate)

	for _, c := range m.connections {
		if err := c.start(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (m *mcuProxy) Stop() {
	m.connectionsMu.RLock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.RUnlock()

	for _, c := range m.connections {
		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), closeTimeout)
		defer cancel()
		c.stop(ctx)
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) configureEtcd(config *goconf.ConfigFile, ignoreErrors bool) error {
	keyPrefix, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "keyprefix")
	if keyPrefix == "" {
		keyPrefix = "/%s"
	}

	var endpoints []string
	if endpointsString, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "endpoints"); endpointsString != "" {
		for _, ep := range strings.Split(endpointsString, ",") {
			ep := strings.TrimSpace(ep)
			if ep != "" {
				endpoints = append(endpoints, ep)
			}
		}
	} else if discoverySrv, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "discoverysrv"); discoverySrv != "" {
		discoveryService, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "discoveryservice")
		clients, err := srv.GetClient("etcd-client", discoverySrv, discoveryService)
		if err != nil {
			if !ignoreErrors {
				return fmt.Errorf("Could not discover endpoints for %s: %s", discoverySrv, err)
			}
		} else {
			endpoints = clients.Endpoints
		}
	}

	if len(endpoints) == 0 {
		if !ignoreErrors {
			return fmt.Errorf("No proxy URL endpoints configured")
		}

		log.Printf("No proxy URL endpoints configured, not changing client")
	} else {
		cfg := clientv3.Config{
			Endpoints: endpoints,

			// set timeout per request to fail fast when the target endpoint is unavailable
			DialTimeout: time.Second,
		}

		clientKey, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "clientkey")
		clientCert, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "clientcert")
		caCert, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "cacert")
		if clientKey != "" && clientCert != "" && caCert != "" {
			tlsInfo := transport.TLSInfo{
				CertFile:      clientCert,
				KeyFile:       clientKey,
				TrustedCAFile: caCert,
			}
			tlsConfig, err := tlsInfo.ClientConfig()
			if err != nil {
				if !ignoreErrors {
					return fmt.Errorf("Could not setup TLS configuration: %s", err)
				}

				log.Printf("Could not setup TLS configuration, will be disabled (%s)", err)
			} else {
				cfg.TLS = tlsConfig
			}
		}

		c, err := clientv3.New(cfg)
		if err != nil {
			if !ignoreErrors {
				return err
			}

			log.Printf("Could not create new client from proxy URL endpoints %+v: %s", endpoints, err)
		} else {
			prev := m.getEtcdClient()
			if prev != nil {
				prev.Close()
			}
			m.client.Store(c)
			log.Printf("Using proxy URL endpoints %+v", endpoints)

			go func(client *clientv3.Client) {
				log.Printf("Wait for leader and start watching on %s", keyPrefix)
				ch := client.Watch(clientv3.WithRequireLeader(context.Background()), keyPrefix, clientv3.WithPrefix())
				log.Printf("Watch created for %s", keyPrefix)
				m.processWatches(ch)
			}(c)

			go func() {
				m.waitForConnection()

				waitDelay := initialWaitDelay
				for {
					response, err := m.getProxyUrls(keyPrefix)
					if err != nil {
						if err == context.DeadlineExceeded {
							log.Printf("Timeout getting initial list of proxy URLs, retry in %s", waitDelay)
						} else {
							log.Printf("Could not get initial list of proxy URLs, retry in %s: %s", waitDelay, err)
						}

						time.Sleep(waitDelay)
						waitDelay = waitDelay * 2
						if waitDelay > maxWaitDelay {
							waitDelay = maxWaitDelay
						}
						continue
					}

					for _, ev := range response.Kvs {
						m.addEtcdProxy(string(ev.Key), ev.Value)
					}
					return
				}
			}()
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (m *mcuProxy) getProxyUrls(keyPrefix string) (*clientv3.GetResponse, error) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	return m.getEtcdClient().Get(ctx, keyPrefix, clientv3.WithPrefix())
}

func (m *mcuProxy) waitForConnection() {
	waitDelay := initialWaitDelay
	for {
		if err := m.syncClient(); err != nil {
			if err == context.DeadlineExceeded {
				log.Printf("Timeout waiting for etcd client to connect to the cluster, retry in %s", waitDelay)
			} else {
				log.Printf("Could not sync etcd client with the cluster, retry in %s: %s", waitDelay, err)
			}

			time.Sleep(waitDelay)
			waitDelay = waitDelay * 2
			if waitDelay > maxWaitDelay {
				waitDelay = maxWaitDelay
			}
			continue
		}

		log.Printf("Client using endpoints %+v", m.getEtcdClient().Endpoints())
		return
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) syncClient() error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	return m.getEtcdClient().Sync(ctx)
}

func (m *mcuProxy) Reload(config *goconf.ConfigFile) {
	m.connectionsMu.Lock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.Unlock()

	if err := m.loadContinentsMap(config); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Error loading continents map: %s", err)
	}

	remove := make(map[string]*mcuProxyConnection)
	for u, conn := range m.connectionsMap {
		remove[u] = conn
	}
	created := make(map[string]*mcuProxyConnection)
	changed := false

	mcuUrl, _ := config.GetString("mcu", "url")
	for _, u := range strings.Split(mcuUrl, " ") {
		if existing, found := remove[u]; found {
			// Proxy connection still exists in new configuration
			delete(remove, u)
			existing.stopCloseIfEmpty()
			continue
		}

		conn, err := newMcuProxyConnection(m, u)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Could not create proxy connection to %s: %s", u, err)
			continue
		}

		created[u] = conn
	}

	for _, conn := range remove {
		go conn.closeIfEmpty()
	}

	for u, conn := range created {
		if err := conn.start(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Could not start new connection to %s: %s", u, err)
			continue
		}

		log.Printf("Adding new connection to %s", u)
		m.connections = append(m.connections, conn)
		m.connectionsMap[u] = conn
		changed = true
	}

	if changed {
		atomic.StoreInt64(&m.nextSort, 0)
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) processWatches(ch clientv3.WatchChan) {
	for response := range ch {
		for _, ev := range response.Events {
			switch ev.Type {
			case clientv3.EventTypePut:
				m.addEtcdProxy(string(ev.Kv.Key), ev.Kv.Value)
			case clientv3.EventTypeDelete:
				m.removeEtcdProxy(string(ev.Kv.Key))
			default:
				log.Printf("Unsupported event %s %q -> %q", ev.Type, ev.Kv.Key, ev.Kv.Value)
			}
		}
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) addEtcdProxy(key string, data []byte) {
	var info ProxyInformationEtcd
	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &info); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Could not decode proxy information %s: %s", string(data), err)
		return
	}
	if err := info.CheckValid(); err != nil {
		log.Printf("Received invalid proxy information %s: %s", string(data), err)
		return
	}

	m.etcdMu.Lock()
	defer m.etcdMu.Unlock()

	prev, found := m.keyInfos[key]
	if found && info.Address != prev.Address {
		// Address of a proxy has changed.
		m.removeEtcdProxyLocked(key)
	}

	if otherKey, found := m.urlToKey[info.Address]; found && otherKey != key {
		log.Printf("Address %s is already registered for key %s, ignoring %s", info.Address, otherKey, key)
		return
	}

	m.connectionsMu.Lock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.Unlock()
	if conn, found := m.connectionsMap[info.Address]; found {
		m.keyInfos[key] = &info
		m.urlToKey[info.Address] = key
		conn.stopCloseIfEmpty()
	} else {
		conn, err := newMcuProxyConnection(m, info.Address)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Could not create proxy connection to %s: %s", info.Address, err)
			return
		}

		if err := conn.start(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Could not start new connection to %s: %s", info.Address, err)
			return
		}

		log.Printf("Adding new connection to %s (from %s)", info.Address, key)
		m.keyInfos[key] = &info
		m.urlToKey[info.Address] = key
		m.connections = append(m.connections, conn)
		m.connectionsMap[info.Address] = conn
		atomic.StoreInt64(&m.nextSort, 0)
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) removeEtcdProxy(key string) {
	m.etcdMu.Lock()
	defer m.etcdMu.Unlock()

	m.removeEtcdProxyLocked(key)
}

func (m *mcuProxy) removeEtcdProxyLocked(key string) {
	info, found := m.keyInfos[key]
	if !found {
		return
	}

	delete(m.keyInfos, key)
	delete(m.urlToKey, info.Address)

	log.Printf("Removing connection to %s (from %s)", info.Address, key)

	m.connectionsMu.RLock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.RUnlock()
	if conn, found := m.connectionsMap[info.Address]; found {
		go conn.closeIfEmpty()
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) removeConnection(c *mcuProxyConnection) {
	m.connectionsMu.Lock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.Unlock()

	if _, found := m.connectionsMap[c.rawUrl]; found {
		delete(m.connectionsMap, c.rawUrl)
		m.connections = nil
		for _, conn := range m.connectionsMap {
			m.connections = append(m.connections, conn)
		}

		atomic.StoreInt64(&m.nextSort, 0)
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) SetOnConnected(f func()) {
	// Not supported.
}

func (m *mcuProxy) SetOnDisconnected(f func()) {
	// Not supported.
}

type mcuProxyStats struct {
	Publishers int64                               `json:"publishers"`
	Clients    int64                               `json:"clients"`
	Details    map[string]*mcuProxyConnectionStats `json:"details"`
}

func (m *mcuProxy) GetStats() interface{} {
	details := make(map[string]*mcuProxyConnectionStats)
	result := &mcuProxyStats{
		Details: details,
	}

	m.connectionsMu.RLock()
	defer m.connectionsMu.RUnlock()

	for _, conn := range m.connections {
		stats := conn.GetStats()
		result.Publishers += stats.Publishers
		result.Clients += stats.Clients
		details[stats.Url] = stats
	}
	return result
}

func (m *mcuProxy) getContinentsMap() map[string][]string {
	continentsMap := m.continentsMap.Load()
	if continentsMap == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return continentsMap.(map[string][]string)
}

func (m *mcuProxy) setContinentsMap(continentsMap map[string][]string) {
	if continentsMap == nil {
		continentsMap = make(map[string][]string)
	}
	m.continentsMap.Store(continentsMap)
}

type mcuProxyConnectionsList []*mcuProxyConnection

func (l mcuProxyConnectionsList) Len() int {
	return len(l)
}

func (l mcuProxyConnectionsList) Less(i, j int) bool {
	return l[i].Load() < l[j].Load()
}

func (l mcuProxyConnectionsList) Swap(i, j int) {
	l[i], l[j] = l[j], l[i]
}

func (l mcuProxyConnectionsList) Sort() {
	sort.Sort(l)
}

func ContinentsOverlap(a, b []string) bool {
	if len(a) == 0 || len(b) == 0 {
		return false
	}

	for _, checkA := range a {
		for _, checkB := range b {
			if checkA == checkB {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

func sortConnectionsForCountry(connections []*mcuProxyConnection, country string, continentMap map[string][]string) []*mcuProxyConnection {
	// Move connections in the same country to the start of the list.
	sorted := make(mcuProxyConnectionsList, 0, len(connections))
	unprocessed := make(mcuProxyConnectionsList, 0, len(connections))
	for _, conn := range connections {
		if country == conn.Country() {
			sorted = append(sorted, conn)
		} else {
			unprocessed = append(unprocessed, conn)
		}
	}
	if continents, found := ContinentMap[country]; found && len(unprocessed) > 1 {
		remaining := make(mcuProxyConnectionsList, 0, len(unprocessed))
		// Map continents to other continents (e.g. use Europe for Africa).
		for _, continent := range continents {
			if toAdd, found := continentMap[continent]; found {
				continents = append(continents, toAdd...)
			}
		}

		// Next up are connections on the same or mapped continent.
		for _, conn := range unprocessed {
			connCountry := conn.Country()
			if IsValidCountry(connCountry) {
				connContinents := ContinentMap[connCountry]
				if ContinentsOverlap(continents, connContinents) {
					sorted = append(sorted, conn)
				} else {
					remaining = append(remaining, conn)
				}
			} else {
				remaining = append(remaining, conn)
			}
		}
		unprocessed = remaining
	}
	// Add all other connections by load.
	sorted = append(sorted, unprocessed...)
	return sorted
}

func (m *mcuProxy) getSortedConnections(initiator McuInitiator) []*mcuProxyConnection {
	m.connectionsMu.RLock()
	connections := m.connections
	m.connectionsMu.RUnlock()
	if len(connections) < 2 {
		return connections
	}

	// Connections are re-sorted every <connectionSortRequests> requests or
	// every <connectionSortInterval>.
	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
	if atomic.AddInt64(&m.connRequests, 1)%connectionSortRequests == 0 || atomic.LoadInt64(&m.nextSort) <= now {
		atomic.StoreInt64(&m.nextSort, now+int64(connectionSortInterval))

		sorted := make(mcuProxyConnectionsList, len(connections))
		copy(sorted, connections)

		sorted.Sort()

		m.connectionsMu.Lock()
		m.connections = sorted
		m.connectionsMu.Unlock()
		connections = sorted
	}

	if initiator != nil {
		if country := initiator.Country(); IsValidCountry(country) {
			connections = sortConnectionsForCountry(connections, country, m.getContinentsMap())
		}
	}
	return connections
}

func (m *mcuProxy) removePublisher(publisher *mcuProxyPublisher) {
	m.mu.Lock()
	defer m.mu.Unlock()

	delete(m.publishers, publisher.id+"|"+publisher.StreamType())
}

func (m *mcuProxy) wakeupWaiters() {
	m.mu.RLock()
	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
	for _, ch := range m.publisherWaiters {
		ch <- true
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) addWaiter(ch chan bool) uint64 {
	id := m.publisherWaitersId + 1
	m.publisherWaitersId = id
	m.publisherWaiters[id] = ch
	return id
}

func (m *mcuProxy) removeWaiter(id uint64) {
	delete(m.publisherWaiters, id)
}

func (m *mcuProxy) NewPublisher(ctx context.Context, listener McuListener, id string, streamType string, bitrate int, initiator McuInitiator) (McuPublisher, error) {
	connections := m.getSortedConnections(initiator)
	for _, conn := range connections {
		if conn.IsShutdownScheduled() {
			continue
		}

		subctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, m.proxyTimeout)
		defer cancel()

		var maxBitrate int
		if streamType == streamTypeScreen {
			maxBitrate = m.maxScreenBitrate
		} else {
			maxBitrate = m.maxStreamBitrate
		}
		if bitrate <= 0 {
			bitrate = maxBitrate
		} else {
			bitrate = min(bitrate, maxBitrate)
		}
		publisher, err := conn.newPublisher(subctx, listener, id, streamType, bitrate)
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("Could not create %s publisher for %s on %s: %s", streamType, id, conn.url, err)
			continue
		}

		m.mu.Lock()
		m.publishers[id+"|"+streamType] = conn
		m.mu.Unlock()
		m.wakeupWaiters()
		return publisher, nil
	}

	statsProxyNobackendAvailableTotal.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("No MCU connection available")
}

func (m *mcuProxy) getPublisherConnection(ctx context.Context, publisher string, streamType string) *mcuProxyConnection {
	m.mu.RLock()
	conn := m.publishers[publisher+"|"+streamType]
	m.mu.RUnlock()
	if conn != nil {
		return conn
	}

	log.Printf("No %s publisher %s found yet, deferring", streamType, publisher)
	m.mu.Lock()
	defer m.mu.Unlock()

	conn = m.publishers[publisher+"|"+streamType]
	if conn != nil {
		// Publisher was created while waiting for lock.
		return conn
	}

	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	id := m.addWaiter(ch)
	defer m.removeWaiter(id)

	statsWaitingForPublisherTotal.WithLabelValues(streamType).Inc()
	for {
		m.mu.Unlock()
		select {
		case <-ch:
			m.mu.Lock()
			conn = m.publishers[publisher+"|"+streamType]
			if conn != nil {
				return conn
			}
		case <-ctx.Done():
			m.mu.Lock()
			return nil
		}
	}
}

func (m *mcuProxy) NewSubscriber(ctx context.Context, listener McuListener, publisher string, streamType string) (McuSubscriber, error) {
	conn := m.getPublisherConnection(ctx, publisher, streamType)
	if conn == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("No %s publisher %s found", streamType, publisher)
	}

	return conn.newSubscriber(ctx, listener, publisher, streamType)
}